FAITH MAGAZINE: The Feast of the Epiphany --
Traditions that celebrate the twelfth day
By THOMAS BROWN, T&D Staff Writer
Friday, January 06, 2006

The popular carol, “The Twelve Days of Christmas,”celebrates the season with a variety of birds,musicians and members of the gentry dancing and leaping. Merchants start their count twelve days before Christmas, encouraging gift givers to shop early.
But long before there were malls and before the carol was written, the twelve days of
Christmas were observed beginning with Christmas Day or the Day of the Nativity,
and ending with Epiphany or Three Kings Day on Jan. 6, the day that the Magi arrived at the
site of Jesus’ birth.
According to a legend based on a Bible story, the three kings, Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar, saw a bright star in the sky on the night that Christ was born, followed it to Bethlehem, found
the Christ child and bestowed gifts upon him of gold, frankincense and myrrh.
The observance had its origins in the Eastern Christian church, according to the Catholic Encyclopedia. In the Western church, the feast of Christmas was established before that of Epiphany. Over time, the West began to celebrate Christmas on Dec. 25, while Eastern churches continued to treat Jan. 6 as the day marking Jesus’ birth.
Today in Eastern Orthodox churches, the emphasis at this feast is on the shining forth and revelation of Jesus Christ as the Messiah and second person of the Holy Trinity at the time of his baptism.
According to Robert Blair in “Christian Traditions and Customs,” the Irish call this day Little Christmas. In Rome, “Epiphania” was transformed into Befana, the fair held during this season.
In Spain and many of the countries of Central and South America, Epiphany is called El Dia de los Reyes — the Day of the Kings.
In Spanish tradition, on Jan. 6, the three Kings, representing Europe, Arabia and Africa,
arrived on horse, camel and elephant bringing their gifts.
In Mexico, children leave their shoes out on Jan. 6, sometimes filling them with hay for the camels so that the wise men will be generous with their gifts. In Puerto Rico, children fill a box with hay and place it under their beds, for the same reasons.
A French custom which is still practiced in New Orleans is the preparation of the king cake or Twelfth Night Cake, which can have a small doll, representing the baby Jesus, or an ornament baked in it. The person who finds the doll or ornament in their slice of the cake is named king of the day.
The blessing of the home is also a popular Epiphany custom. Using specially blessed chalk, many households mark their doorways with the inscription C - M - B, the initials of the wise men.
The inscription also stands for Christus Mansionem Benedicat, which means “Christ bless this home.”
All traditions and customs associated with Epiphany brings attention back to the Christ child. And at the foundation of them all, there is the meaning of the word Epiphany — appearance, miraculous phenomenon. They all celebrate the revelation of God to mankind in human form, in the person of JesusChrist.